(CNN)Heavy clashes erupted Thursday night around Afghanistan's northern Panjshir Valley between Taliban fighters and an anti-Taliban group, according to a source within the group.
Panjshir Valley, a mountainous, inaccessible region north of Kabul, is the last major holdout against Taliban rule, and has a long history of resisting the insurgent group.
Sporadic fighting between the Taliban and the National Resistance Front (NRF) has continued for two weeks now. The Taliban have been massing forces in and around Panjshir province in recent weeks, and said on Monday they had captured three districts in the valley.
The overnight clashes between the Taliban and the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan (NRF) started late Thursday, and were very intense, said the NRF source.
"They (Taliban) are using their last power to get in, but clashes are still ongoing," the source added.
Earlier on Thursday, Fahim Dashti, an NRF spokesperson, said in an audio message that the Taliban lost 40 of their forces in their ongoing attempts to enter Panjshir. Ali Nazary, another spokesperson from the group, said Thursday that the Taliban had also lost a number of heavy equipment and weaponry that had been destroyed.
CNN has not independently verified the Taliban casualties.
Separately, a Taliban source provided videos purportedly of fighting and the aftermath. CNN could not immediately verify the location or when the videos were filmed.
On Wednesday, a Taliban leader called on Panjshiris to accept an amnesty and avoid fighting, but acknowledged that negotiations had thus far yielded no result. He said the situation "should be resolved peacefully," but did not directly address the claims of renewed fighting and casualties.
Anti-Taliban fighters patrol the Anaba District of Afghanistan's Panjshir province on September 1.
The Panjshir Valley is the epicenter of Afghan guerrilla warfare, and has long withstood foreign occupation, from the British Empire's army to Soviet forces and the Taliban.
The rugged, inaccessible landscape plays a part in its defensive success, giving local forces an advantage over would-be invaders.
After the USSR, which controlled Kabul and large swaths of the country in the 1980s, withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989, various factions of mujahedeen -- or Islamic holy warriors -- split into groups, fighting for control of the country.
The Northern Alliance -- now a main component of the NRF -- was formed, led by Ahmad Shah Massoud, who managed to keep the Panjshir Valley free of the Taliban's grip throughout its five-year rule. He led an anti-Taliban offensive until he was assassinated by al Qaeda operatives two days before the September 11, 2001 attacks.
The coalition, and the broader NRF, is now led by Massoud's son, Ahmad Massoud, who has vowed to continue the fight against the Taliban in the wake of their near takeover of Afghanistan.
Massoud and the NRF are now gathering anti-Taliban forces in the Panjshir Valley, which include local resistance forces as well as remnants of the former Afghan army.
People fleeing the Taliban, including the former Afghan Vice President, Amrullah Saleh, have also sought refuge in the Valley.
"The Taliban have not changed, and they still are after dominance throughout the country," Massoud told CNN in an interview on Wednesday. "We are resisting dominance, intolerance, and oppression brought by one political force over the majority of the population that do not support them."
He added that he and the NRF were still trying to negotiate with the Taliban -- but so far, that dialogue "hasn't resulted in anything tangible." Talks have been taking place in the city of Charika, the capital of the neighboring Parwan province.
"Negotiations have their limits," he said, quoting a prominent Prussian military general. "War is the continuation of politics, and if we face aggression we will be forced to fight and launch resistance to defend our land, people, and values."
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